ル・コルビュジエの「小さな家」における空間構成と熱・光環境の関係

• 資料種別: 記事
• タイトル: ル・コルビュジエの「小さな家」における空間構成と熱・光環境の関係
• 著者・編者: 金子 尚志; 小泉 雅生; 松元 良枝; 武政 孝治
• 著者標目: 金子 尚志; 小泉 雅生; 松元 良枝; 武政 孝治
• 並列タイトル等: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPATIAL COMPOSITION AND THERMAL AND LIGHT ENVIRONMENT IN LE CORBUSIER'S "UNE PETITE MAISON"
• タイトル（掲載誌）: 日本建築学会計画系論文集 = Journal of architecture and planning : transactions of AIJ
• 巻号年月日等（掲載誌）: 86(781):2021.3
• 掲載巻: 86
• 掲載号: 781
• 掲載ページ: 697-706
• 掲載年月日（W3CDTF）: 2021-03
• ISSN（掲載誌）: 1340-4210
• ISSN-L（掲載誌）: 1340-4210
• 出版事項（掲載誌）: 東京 : 日本建築学会
• 出版地（国名コード）: JP
• 本文の言語コード: jpn
• 件名標目: Passive design; Spatial composition; Le Corbusier; Thermal environment; Light environment; House; パッシブデザイン; 空間構成; ル・コルビュジエ; 熱環境; 光環境; 住宅
• NDLC: ZN1
• 対象利用者: 一般
• 所蔵機関: 国立国会図書館
• 請求記号: Z16-107
• 連携機関・データベース: 国立国会図書館 : 国立国会図書館雑誌記事索引; https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp
• 書誌ID（NDLBibID）: 031307152; http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/031307152
• 整理区分コード: 632

• 要約等: <p> Introduction</p><p> Le Corbusier (1987-1965) is widely known for his concepts and methods of architectural design such as the Five Points of Architecture, Brise Soleil, Modulor, etc. An overview of Le Corbusier's work from the perspective of environmental considerations reveal examples of architectural ingenuity integrated into a design to control the environment. When Le Corbusier began his career as an architect, he intended to use natural lighting and ventilation to improve the environment and health in densely populated urban areas in the early 20th century. However, the architectural innovations such as natural lighting and ventilation, and the expression of cross-sectional diagrams may have had a considerable impact on the passive design that became popular in later years.</p><p> </p><p> Methods:</p><p> This study examines features related to architectural planning and environmental control such as spatial features and the composition of the horizontal continuous window surround in Le Corbusier's "Une Petite Maison". In addition, the thermal and light environment produced by simulation software for the main rooms will be examined. It will reveal the relationship between Le Corbusier's architectural ingenuity and environmental control over the environment and some of the thinking that led to contemporary passive design which was active in an era before the building performance of the outer skin and equipment was inadequate and the energy was plentiful and stable.</p><p> </p><p> Results:</p><p> 1) The features related to architectural planning and environmental control such as the configuration around the horizontal continuous windows in the main space was identified. The building consisted of hollow brick, concrete block and concrete with a constant thermal capacity, and no insulation was used.</p><p> 2) The soil for the rooftop greening was found to have a certain level of insulation performance. The expansion and contraction of the space by opening and closing fittings and movable partitions was confirmed to have an effect on room temperature control. Furthermore, the use of shutters and curtains slightly reduced the temperature drop at night. It was also shown that the shutter box attached to the outside is effective as a sunshade in summer, but prevents the temperature rise inside the room in the middle of the year and in winter in this area.</p><p> 3) The horizontal windows allowing the light to enter uniformly and the reflected light from the white window sills on the windows has a certain effect on the indoor lighting environment. It was also confirmed that the effect of the eave-shaped shutter boxes on solar radiation shielding is minimal. The combination of a continuous horizontal window and window sill without shelter is also seen in later works.</p><p> </p><p> In this study, the intention and effect of controlling the indoor environment by means of “roof terrace” to improve thermal insulation, architectural planning devices such as spatial arrangement and expansion and contraction of space by opening and closing fittings, and “the free plan” were confirmed. On the light environment, it was clarified that a good light environment was created by “the horizontal continuous window” and innovations around the windows.</p><p> Some of the Five Points of Architecture, devised as principles of the international style, also have aspects as architectural devices to enhance the indoor environment, and they seem to encompass the concept of a useful passive design approach that should be reconsidered from an environmental design standpoint when thinking about contemporary design practices.</p>
• DOI: 10.3130/aija.86.697
• オンライン閲覧公開範囲: インターネット公開
• 連携機関・データベース: 科学技術振興機構 : J-STAGE; http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp

• 要約等: <p> Introduction</p><p> Le Corbusier (1987-1965) is widely known for his concepts and methods of architectural design such as the Five Points of Architecture, Brise Soleil, Modulor, etc. An overview of Le Corbusier's work from the perspective of environmental considerations reveal examples of architectural ingenuity integrated into a design to control the environment. When Le Corbusier began his career as an architect, he intended to use natural lighting and ventilation to improve the environment and health in densely populated urban areas in the early 20th century. However, the architectural innovations such as natural lighting and ventilation, and the expression of cross-sectional diagrams may have had a considerable impact on the passive design that became popular in later years.</p><p> </p><p> Methods:</p><p> This study examines features related to architectural planning and environmental control such as spatial features and the composition of the horizontal continuous window surround in Le Corbusier's "Une Petite Maison". In addition, the thermal and light environment produced by simulation software for the main rooms will be examined. It will reveal the relationship between Le Corbusier's architectural ingenuity and environmental control over the environment and some of the thinking that led to contemporary passive design which was active in an era before the building performance of the outer skin and equipment was inadequate and the energy was plentiful and stable.</p><p> </p><p> Results:</p><p> 1) The features related to architectural planning and environmental control such as the configuration around the horizontal continuous windows in the main space was identified. The building consisted of hollow brick, concrete block and concrete with a constant thermal capacity, and no insulation was used.</p><p> 2) The soil for the rooftop greening was found to have a certain level of insulation performance. The expansion and contraction of the space by opening and closing fittings and movable partitions was confirmed to have an effect on room temperature control. Furthermore, the use of shutters and curtains slightly reduced the temperature drop at night. It was also shown that the shutter box attached to the outside is effective as a sunshade in summer, but prevents the temperature rise inside the room in the middle of the year and in winter in this area.</p><p> 3) The horizontal windows allowing the light to enter uniformly and the reflected light from the white window sills on the windows has a certain effect on the indoor lighting environment. It was also confirmed that the effect of the eave-shaped shutter boxes on solar radiation shielding is minimal. The combination of a continuous horizontal window and window sill without shelter is also seen in later works.</p><p> </p><p> In this study, the intention and effect of controlling the indoor environment by means of “roof terrace” to improve thermal insulation, architectural planning devices such as spatial arrangement and expansion and contraction of space by opening and closing fittings, and “the free plan” were confirmed. On the light environment, it was clarified that a good light environment was created by “the horizontal continuous window” and innovations around the windows.</p><p> Some of the Five Points of Architecture, devised as principles of the international style, also have aspects as architectural devices to enhance the indoor environment, and they seem to encompass the concept of a useful passive design approach that should be reconsidered from an environmental design standpoint when thinking about contemporary design practices.</p>
• DOI: 10.3130/aija.86.697; https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.86.697
• オンライン閲覧公開範囲: インターネット公開
• 関連情報（URI）: http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/031307152; https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I031307152; https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aija/86/781/86_697/_pdf
• 参照: 住宅のエネルギー消費量と健康性の評価に関する研究; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680178495616; パッシブ気候図の作成とパッシブデザインへの活用; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205201233536; 環境住宅の技術と空間設計手法の類型化 : 1970〜1995年の日本の住宅の分析(建築計画); https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205174760448; ル・コルビュジエの建築色彩理論と環境概念; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204781455872; 薄い盛土層を持った屋上芝生植栽の木造建物における室内熱環境調整効果; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679759579904; 建築空間における空間秩序的太陽光効果とそれらの要因; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679757737984
• 連携機関・データベース: 国立情報学研究所 : CiNii Research; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/
• 提供元機関・データベース: Japan Link Center; https://japanlinkcenter.org/top; 雑誌記事索引データベース; https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp; Crossref; https://www.crossref.org; CiNii Articles
• 書誌ID（NDLBibID）: 031307152; http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/031307152
• NII論文ID: 130008007326