一般注記type:text
According to the input-output tables compiled for the analysis of air-pollutants inJapan and Chinas, total CO2 emissions in China and Japan in 1985 amounted to 2.376billion ton (in molecular mass of CO2; or 0.648 billion ton in molecular mass of carbon)and 0.986 billion ton (in molecular mass of CO2: or 0.269 billion ton in molecular massof carbon) respectively. For SOx, emissions amounted to 23.4 million ton from Chinaand 3.5 million ton from Japan (in molecular mass of SOx). The above differences inthe level of pollutant emission from the two countries are mainly due to the followingfactors. The first factor is the differences in the industrial structure and final demandin Japan and China. The second factor could be attributed to the differences in levelof elimination activities, in particular, for the case of SOx. The third factor is thedifferences in the type of energy consumed in both countries. In contrast to Japanwhere petroleum is the major source of energy, China heavily depends on coal whichcontains high ratios of carbon and sulphur elements.In addition, the other factor could be attributed to the difference in energy consumptionper unit of product. or the difference in energy inputs. Hence, the issue of liesin how could China and Japan, which are in different level of economic development, to increase energy efficiency in order to accomplish the goal of environmental protectionvia the introduction of energy saving technology.The structure and the compilation of the input-output table for environmentalanalysis have been discussed in detail in the previous paper of this series2. In thispaper, we will first focus on CO2 and SOx, and the next section presents as on overviewon the present condition of atmospheric pollution in Japan and China. By examiningthe difference in the pollution condition in the two countries, we found that thereare great differences in energy efficiency across the industries. Measures such as theintroduction of the environment tax and the establishment of the market for emissionrights, which operate by market mechanism have been raised as possible policies againstair pollution at the global level. In parallel to the above, the proposal for a jointimplementation program, an international cooperation on the prevention of pollution, is also materializing gradually.Working on the differences in energy efficiency between Japan and China can be consideredas one of the effective ways in which environmental protection can be achieved.Section III thus put into perspective the significance and issues with respect to thejoint implementation program. This is also useful in making clear the issues to beinvolved in our simulation exercise regarding the joint implementation program usingthe input-output table in the future.
DOI10.14991/004.00000040-0001
連携機関・データベース国立情報学研究所 : 学術機関リポジトリデータベース（IRDB）（機関リポジトリ）