Lahar characteristics as a function of triggering mechanism at a seasonally snow-clad volcano : contrasting lahars following the 2014 phreatic eruption of Ontake Volcano, Japan

• 資料種別: 記事
• タイトル: Lahar characteristics as a function of triggering mechanism at a seasonally snow-clad volcano : contrasting lahars following the 2014 phreatic eruption of Ontake Volcano, Japan
• 著者・編者: Kyoko S. Kataoka; Takane Matsumoto; Takeshi Saito
• 出版事項: 日本 : Springer Nature
• 出版年月日等: 2018-07-05
• 出版年（W3CDTF）: 2018-07-05
• タイトル（掲載誌）: EPS : Earth, Planets and Space
• 巻号年月日等（掲載誌）: 70(113)
• 掲載巻: 70(113)
• ISSN（掲載誌）: 1880-5981
• ISSN-L（掲載誌）: 1343-8832
• 本文の言語コード: eng
• DOI: 10.1186/s40623-018-0873-x; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0873-x
• 国立国会図書館永続的識別子: info:ndljp/pid/11125881; https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/11125881
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• 受理日（W3CDTF）: 2018-08-10T20:26:03+09:00
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• 連携機関・データベース: 国立国会図書館 : 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション; https://dl.ndl.go.jp

• 要約等: In association with the September 2014 phreatic eruption (VEI 1–2) at Ontake Volcano, a syn-eruptive and two post-eruptive lahars occurred in the Akagawa–Nigorigawa River, southern flank of the volcano. The present contribution describes and discusses the contrasting features of the two post-eruptive lahars, which caused a major impact on downstream river morphology, and re-examines the description of the syn-eruptive lahar in the previous study. The first post-eruptive lahar occurred 8 days after the eruption by the rainstorm (October 5, 2014, before the snowy season), and the second lahar was associated with the rain-on-snow (ROS) event on April 20, 2015, in the early spring of the snowmelt season. The October rain-triggered lahar, which can be interpreted as a cohesive debris flow, reached at least ~ 11 km downstream and left muddy matrix-rich sediments with high clay content (10–20 wt% of clay in matrix). The lahar deposits contain hydrothermally altered rock fragments, sulfide/sulfate minerals, and clay minerals and show extremely high total sulfur content (10–14 wt%) in matrix part, indicating source material from the September phreatic eruption deposits. The presence of “rain-triggered” clay-rich lahar and deposits originating from a single small phreatic eruption is important because usually such clay-rich lahars are known to occur in association with large-scale sector collapse and debris avalanches. The April ROS-triggered lahar was caused by the heavy rain and accompanying snow melting. The lahar was dilute and partly erosional and evolved into hyperconcentrated flow, which left fines-depleted sandy and gravelly deposits. Despite these lahars that originated from the same volcanic source and occurring within a 7-month period, the flow and resulting depositional characteristics are totally different. These different types of lahars after a single eruptive event need different simulations and mitigation of lahar hazards with timing (season) of the lahar onset. In comparison with rainfall intensity, snow-melting rate, and the contrasting lahars occurred in 2014/2015, it is postulated that the generation, size, and types of lahars can vary with the timing of eruption, whether it happens during the pre-snow season, snow season, or rainy season.
• DOI: 10.1186/s40623-018-0873-x; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0873-x
• オンライン閲覧公開範囲: インターネット公開
• 著作権情報: © The Author(s) 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
• 関連情報（URI）: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/234673; http://id.ndl.go.jp/digimeta/11125881; https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/11125881; http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40623-018-0873-x.pdf; http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-018-0873-x/fulltext.html
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