Vertical structure of the lower troposphere derived from MU radar, unmanned aerial vehicle, and balloon measurements during ShUREX 2015

• 資料種別: 記事
• タイトル: Vertical structure of the lower troposphere derived from MU radar, unmanned aerial vehicle, and balloon measurements during ShUREX 2015
• 著者・編者: Hubert Luce; Lakshmi Kantha; Hiroyuki Hashiguchi
• 出版事項: 日本 : Springer Nature
• 出版年月日等: 2018-06-01
• 出版年（W3CDTF）: 2018-06-01
• タイトル（掲載誌）: Progress in earth and planetary science
• 巻号年月日等（掲載誌）: 5(29)
• 掲載巻: 5(29)
• ISSN（掲載誌）: 2197-4284
• ISSN-L（掲載誌）: 2197-4284
• 本文の言語コード: eng
• DOI: 10.1186/s40645-018-0187-4; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-018-0187-4
• 国立国会図書館永続的識別子: info:ndljp/pid/11126151; https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/11126151
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• コレクション（個別）: 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション > 電子書籍・電子雑誌 > その他; https://dl.ndl.go.jp/collections/B00035
• 収集根拠: オンライン資料収集制度
• 受理日（W3CDTF）: 2018-08-13T20:13:35+09:00
• 保存日（W3CDTF）: 2018-08-13
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• 掲載誌（URI）: https://progearthplanetsci.springeropen.com/articles
• 掲載誌（国立国会図書館永続的識別子）: info:ndljp/pid/11018906; https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/11018906
• 連携機関・データベース: 国立国会図書館 : 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション; https://dl.ndl.go.jp

• 要約等: The ShUREX (Shigaraki UAV Radar Experiment) 2015 campaign carried out at the Shigaraki Middle and Upper atmosphere (MU) observatory (Japan) in June 2015 provided a unique opportunity to compare vertical profiles of atmospheric parameters estimated from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), balloon, and radar data in the lower troposphere. The present work is intended primarily as a demonstration of the potential offered by combination of these three instruments for studying the small-scale structure and dynamics in the lower troposphere. Here, we focus on data collected almost simultaneously by two instrumented UAVs and two meteorological balloons, near the MU radar operated continuously during the campaign. The UAVs flew along helical ascending and descending paths at a nearly constant horizontal distance from the radar (~ 1.0 km), while the balloons launched from the MU radar site drifted up to ~ 3–5 km in the altitude range of comparisons (~ 0.5 to 4.0 km) due to wind advection. Vertical profiles of squared Brünt-Väisälä frequency N² and squared vertical gradient of generalized potential refractive index M² were estimated at a vertical resolution of 20 m from pressure, temperature, and humidity data collected by UAVs and radiosondes. Profiles of M² were also estimated from MU radar echo power at vertical incidence at a vertical sampling of 20 m and various time resolutions (1–4 min). The balloons and the MU radar provided vertical profiles of wind and wind shear S so that two independent estimates of the gradient Richardson number (Ri = N²/S²) could be obtained at a range resolution of 150 m. The two estimates of Ri profiles also showed remarkable agreement at all altitudes. We show that all three instruments detected the same prominent temperature and humidity gradients, down to decameter scales in stratified conditions. These gradients extended horizontally over a few kilometers at least and persisted for hours without significant changes, indicating that the turbulent diffusion was weak. Large discrepancies between N² and M² profiles derived from the balloon, UAV, and radar data were found in a turbulent layer generated by a Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) shear flow instability in the height range from 1.80 to 2.15 km. The cause of these discrepancies appears to depend on the stage of the KH billows.
• DOI: 10.1186/s40645-018-0187-4; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-018-0187-4
• オンライン閲覧公開範囲: インターネット公開
• 著作権情報: © The Author(s). 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
• 関連情報（URI）: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/234231; http://id.ndl.go.jp/digimeta/11126151; https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/11126151; http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40645-018-0187-4.pdf; http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40645-018-0187-4/fulltext.html
• 参照: Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282810825958912; Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment (ShUREX): overview of the campaign with some preliminary results; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050564288163935744; Extensive studies of large‐amplitude Kelvin–Helmholtz billows in the lower atmosphere with VHF middle and upper atmosphere radar; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004230285836928; Temperature sheets and aspect sensitive radar echoes; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621362763392; Kelvin‐Helmholtz billows generated at a cirrus cloud base within a tropopause fold/upper‐level frontal system; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567183241764224; Finestructure of Elevated Stable Layers Observed by Sounder and<i>In Situ</i>Tower Sensors; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094613670656; On the Performance of the Range Imaging Technique Estimated Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles During the ShUREX 2015 Campaign; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848660334897152; Convective and dynamical instabilities due to gravity wave motions in the lower and middle atmosphere: Theory and observations; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855567862959360; Interpretation of VHF ST radar vertical echoes from in situ temperature sheet observations; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855569441091328; Essai de radioclimatologie d’altitude dans le nord de la France; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861295024142464; First In Situ Evidence for Coexisting Submeter Temperature and Humidity Sheets in the Lower Free Troposphere*; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137043424634496; Complementary sequences with high sidelobe suppression factors for ST/MST radar applications; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045429609216; High-Resolution Atmospheric Sensing of Multiple Atmospheric Variables Using the DataHawk Small Airborne Measurement System; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519011797888; High-resolution vertical imaging of the troposphere and lower stratosphere using the new MU radar system; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520024860672; Energetics of persistent turbulent layers underneath mid-level clouds estimated from concurrent radar and radiosonde data; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520912424832; Validation of Winds Measured by MU Radar with GPS Radiosondes during the MUTSI Campaign; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699996022713600; Estimation error of spectral parameters of mesosphere‐stratosphere‐troposphere radars obtained by least squares fitting method and its lower bound; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469957668992; Simultaneous Observations of Thin Humidity Gradients in the Lower Troposphere with a Raman Lidar and the Very High-Frequency Middle- and Upper-Atmosphere Radar; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262943517542656; Atmospheric Structure and Radar Backscattering in Clear Air; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544419326109440; Direct Evidence of “Sheets” in the Atmospheric Temperature Field; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895730297728; A frequency domain radar interferometric imaging (FII) technique based on high-resolution methods; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388844829497856; Simultaneous observations of reflection echoes and refractive index gradient in the troposphere and lower stratosphere; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319157110912; Fine-Scale Characteristics of Temperature, Wind, and Turbulence in the Lower Atmosphere (0–1,300 m) Over the South Peruvian Coast; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794090301952; On the Scale-dependence of the Gradient Richardson Number in the Residual Layer; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794262908544; MU radar: New capabilities and system calibrations; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951795568708864; Wave-induced shear instability in the summer thermocline; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233270948721408; Layer structure of the troposphere; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233271010867840
• 連携機関・データベース: 国立情報学研究所 : CiNii Research; https://cir.nii.ac.jp/
• 提供元機関・データベース: 学術機関リポジトリデータベース; https://irdb.nii.ac.jp; 雑誌記事索引データベース; https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp; Crossref; https://www.crossref.org; CiNii Articles; 科学研究費助成事業データベース; https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja
• 書誌ID（NDLBibID）: 11126151; http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/11126151
• NII論文ID: 120006517792