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博士論文
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DOI[10.14943/doctoral.k14331]のデータに遷移します
Role of treated wastewater in mitigating urbanization impacts and maintaining regulatory ecosystem services
- 国立国会図書館永続的識別子
- info:ndljp/pid/12863671
- 資料種別
- 博士論文
- 著者
- Ramaiah, Manish
- 出版者
- Hokkaido University
- 出版年
- 2021-03-25
- 資料形態
- デジタル
- ページ数・大きさ等
- -
- 授与大学名・学位
- 北海道大学,博士(環境科学)
国立国会図書館での利用に関する注記
資料に関する注記
一般注記:
- Rapid urbanization -often unplanned- has been disrupting the environmental settings leading to degradation of resources and energy, environment pollut...
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デジタル
- 資料種別
- 博士論文
- 著者・編者
- Ramaiah, Manish
- 著者標目
- 出版年月日等
- 2021-03-25
- 出版年(W3CDTF)
- 2021-03-25
- 並列タイトル等
- 都市化の影響を緩和し調整生態系サービスを維持する上での処理水の役割
- 授与機関名
- 北海道大学
- 授与年月日
- 2021-03-25
- 授与年月日(W3CDTF)
- 2021-03-25
- 報告番号
- 甲第14331号
- 学位
- 博士(環境科学)
- 本文の言語コード
- eng
- 著者別名
- NDC
- 対象利用者
- 一般
- 一般注記
- Rapid urbanization -often unplanned- has been disrupting the environmental settings leading to degradation of resources and energy, environment pollution, elevated land surface temperature (LST) leading to urban heat island (UHI) effect and summer heat waves. In this regard creation, and sustenance urban green spaces (UGS) can effectively reduce these impacts. In this regard, use of treated wastewater available year-round in the cities can be advantageous from climate change mitigation, urban sustainability, carbon storage, and sequestration perspectives as well as from improving the regulatory ecosystem services which harmonize microclimate features. Thus, the relationship between urban landscape patterns and microclimate needs to be sufficiently understood to make urban living ecologically, economically, and ergonomically acceptable. With this background, the present study aimed (a) to address the adverse effects of UHI and elevated LST resulting from land use land cover (LULC) alterations along with the role of UGS in regulating microclimate; (b) to estimate water requirements of UGS during the non-rainy months, its carbon biomass and sequestration potential and (c) to evaluate whether treated wastewater is a dependable alternative for maintaining UGS as a measure to mitigate the adverse impacts of urbanization as well as to reduce groundwater extraction. Two traditional cities in India, experiencing different climatic features, were chosen for this study. Panaji city (Koppen classification: Am) situated on the west coast of India receives over 2,750 mm rainfall and Tumkur city (Koppen classification: BSh/Aw) located in interior region receives around 600 mm rainfall. Both cities are proposed to be developed as smart cities. The methods followed included the analyses of satellite imageries for delineating land cover changes and characterization of the 2019 spectral indices of both cities for understanding the LST difference among other microclimate features. Primary (satellite imageries, field survey-based data, and inputs from key-informant survey questionnaires) and secondary (websites, reports in public domain) data were used to address the above stated objectives. By following the standard methods, the monthly evapotranspiration rates were also derived for both these cities for calculating the UGS water requirement. The calculation of water requirements and carbon stocks and sequestration rates of trees, hedge-plans as well as grass-cover was carried out by following standard methods. While the LST varied within 38-42℃ range in Panaji with a substantial water spread area, it remained quite high in the 42-48℃ range in Tumkur (a much larger but highly water scarce city). The average daily water requirements of 34 different tree species, hedge-plants m-2 and grass-cover m-2 were calculated following standard methods. The larger the canopy/crown area, higher the volume of water required. With the canopy area ranging from 4.491 m2 to 593.66 m2, the daily water requirement ranged respectively from 3.05 Ld-1 to 369.43 Ld-1 averaging 23.87 Ld-1 tree-1. Similarly, for hedge plants the daily requirement was 6.77 Lm-2, and for grass-cover(=lawns), 4.57 Lm-2. Using this information, the water requirements for the entire UGS in Panaji and Tumkur were estimated. The UGS of 1.86 km2 in Panaji city requires 6.24 million liters daily. This volume is under 50% of the of 14 MLD total treated wastewater (=recycled water which is environmentally safe) produced and available year-round in Panaji. Currently, over 99% of this treated wastewater is drained into a polluted creek. Notwithstanding the wide variance between 34 different tree species (covering 4012 individual trees), the weighted mean of CO2 sequestered per tree averaged 55 kg y-1. For 23 tree species the Carbon Sequestration Rates (CSR) estimated in this study are first reports. These rates are well within the ranges reported for many tropical species. With a view of showcasing the possibility of improved regulatory ecosystem services, an option to use the treated wastewater for watering the entire UGS in Panaji was examined. From the UGS regulatory ecosystem services viewpoint, numerous ecological and economic advantages as well as some of the UN sustainable development goals met with the use of treated wastewater are highlighted. Ample reduction in groundwater extraction, compensation of evapotranspiration losses, enhanced thermal comforts, greater elimination of water-stress and additional employment opportunities are some of the ecosystem services that can be improved by using treated wastewater for sustainable UGS in Panaji or, many other cities.(主査) 教授 沖野 龍文, 教授 渡邉 悌二, 准教授 藤井 賢彦, 助教 Ram Avtar, 特任准教授 藏崎 正明, 主任研究員 Pankaj Kumar(地球環境研究戦略機関), 研究員 Sohail Ahmad(グラスゴー大学)環境科学院(環境起学専攻)
- DOI
- 10.14943/doctoral.k14331
- 国立国会図書館永続的識別子
- info:ndljp/pid/12863671
- コレクション(共通)
- コレクション(障害者向け資料:レベル1)
- コレクション(個別)
- 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション > デジタル化資料 > 博士論文
- 収集根拠
- 博士論文(自動収集)
- 受理日(W3CDTF)
- 2023-05-05T22:12:33+09:00
- 記録形式(IMT)
- application/pdf
- オンライン閲覧公開範囲
- 国立国会図書館内限定公開
- デジタル化資料送信
- 図書館・個人送信対象外
- 遠隔複写可否(NDL)
- 可
- 連携機関・データベース
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