吉松文治訳纂『診断図説』（明治十二年刊）と大江億司写「診断図説 図譜」について

• Material Type: 図書
• Title: 吉松文治訳纂『診断図説』（明治十二年刊）と大江億司写「診断図説 図譜」について
• Author/Editor: ミヒェル, ヴォルフガング
• Author Heading: ミヒェル, ヴォルフガング
• Publication, Distribution, etc.: 中津市教育委員会
• Publication Date: 近代; 2013-03-27
• Publication Date (W3CDTF): 2013-03-27
• Alternative Title: On the Book Shindan zusetsu ("Illustrated Physical Diagnosis") and Ōe Okuji's Manuscript Copy
• Periodical title: 史料と人物
• No. or year of volume/issue: 5
• Volume: 5
• Pages: 85-109
• Text Language Code: jpn
• Area Coverage: 大分; Nakatsu; Oita; 日本; 九州; 豊前; 中津; Japan; Kyushu; Buzen
• Subject Heading: New England Medical Gazette; auscultation; percussion; superimposed plates; fugitive sheets; Louis Thomas Jérôme Auzoux; homme clastique; Anatomie iconoclastique; medical schools; Oita igakko; ブッケマ; ウィットコースキ; スティルマン; フロリープ; マンニング; レメリン; デラフィールド; 今田束; 魚住以作; 宇部宮徠; 大分県公立医学校; 大江雲澤; 大江億司; 解剖模型; 加藤時次郎; 近藤駒造; 人身剪形剖体図解; 人体解剖; 診断図説; 剪形図; 鳥潟恒吉; 林研海; 吉松文治; 大江範敏; 村上勘兵衛; 複聴診器; ハツクスレイ氏之聴診器; 息定計; 大分縣病院兼醫學校第三次報告; 万国新治療年報; 丸屋善七; 栖川宮熾仁親王; 聴診; 打診; 東京医事新誌; Francis Delafield; Robert Friedrich Froriep; Charles James Manning; Tjarko Wiebenga Beukema; Manual of Physical Diagnosis; Johannes Remmelin; Charles Frederick Stillman; Gustave Joseph Witkowski; binaural stethoscope; George Philipp Camman; Sommerville Scott Alison; differential stethoscope; Thomas Paton Hawksley; Funnel-scope; John Hutchinson; spirometer; Austin Flint; cyrtometer; stethogoniometer; Richard Quain's stethometer; sphygmograph; Étienne-Jules Marey; physical diagnosis; A Manual of Physical Diagnosis
• Target Audience: 一般
• Note (General): Surviving source materials relating to education in 19th-century regional medical schools (igakkō) are rare, partly because a lack of interest among following generations, and partly because of the short life span of many of those institutions. Ōe Okuji’s (1864–1919) ancestors served as physicians in the domain of Nakatsu for more than 150 years. His father, Untaku (1822–1899), a widely respected man with many disciples, successfully switched from Sino–Japanese to Western-style medicine during those dramatic decades of the late Tokugawa era. Having grown up in the early years of the Meiji Restoration, Okuji was the first in his family to receive a Western-style education, at the Ōita Prefectural Medical School, from which he graduated in 1886. Some of his books and lecture notes are held by the Ōe Medical Archive (Nakatsu), to which one of the items is unique. This is copy of a manuscript entitled “Illustrated Physical Diagnosis – Illustrations” (Shindan zusetsu – zufu). The accompanying booklet “Illustrated Physical Diagnosis” (Shindan zusetsu) was published in 1879 by Yoshimatsu Bunji. While the first volume of Yoshimatsu’s print can be found in two libraries, the second volume containing the illustrations has vanished. Had Yoshimatsu’s work simply been a translation of the foreign book the “Manual of Physical Diagnosis” published in 1878 in New York by the pathologist Francis Delafield (as is suggested by Yoshimatsu’s title), this disappearance would not be a problem. However, being well aware of Delafield’s shortcomings, Yoshimatsu added extensive explanations, each of which covered almost half a page. Furthermore, comparing Ōe’s copy with Delafield’s manual reveals that Yoshimatsu produced a completely new set of illustrations. Yoshimatsu started with so-called anatomical “fugitive sheets” taken from Delafield’s book. These superimposed hinged flaps enable readers to observe the interior of a human body as if they were conducting a dissection. The earliest examples of such sheets occurred in European books during the early 16th century. Around 1680, a copy of the Dutch edition of Johannes Remmelin’s famous “Catoptrum microcosmicum” arrived in Nagasaki. For decades, handmade copies circulated among Japanese physicians until a copy was printed as the “Dutch Anatomical Atlas of the Whole Body” (Oranda zenku naigai bungō-zu) in 1772, shortly before publication of the epoch-making “New Book on Anatomy” (Kaitai shinsho). Hence, physicians in 19th-century Japan were already familiar with this kind of anatomical representation. Delafield’s manual contains only a set of superimposed flaps, but Yoshimatsu extends it by producing a series of pictures showing the location of organs and certain abnormalities. He also includes drawings of several types of stethoscopes, a spirometer, a cyrtometer, a stethogoniometer, a stethometer, and Étienne-Jules Marey’s famous sphygmograph. Most of these diagnostic instruments were recent inventions and their depiction added greatly to the practical value of Yoshimatsu’s booklet. The early years of the Meiji government greatly affected everyone involved in medicine. However, elements of tradition facilitated the adoption of new concepts relating to the human body and illness and treatment, and also stimulated the involvement of the authorities in questions of medical education and practice. Although revolutionary in content, Yoshimatsu’s publication also exhibits traits of Japan’s long tradition of absorbing foreign knowledge. Eleven years after the government decided to suppress traditional medicine in favor of the Western medical paradigm, Yoshimatsu did what Japanese physicians had been doing since they first encountered “Dutch medicine” in the 1650s: he collected more information, and critically assessed new knowledge from abroad before using it to revise his text. The young student Ōe Okuji had his own ways of coping with difficult circumstances. Because of substantial cultural obstacles to the dissection of human corpses in Japan, he had limited opportunities to observe an autopsy during his years in Ōita. Therefore, he used printed materials to make anatomical drawings. Motivated by Yoshimatsu’s illustrations, Ōe recreated his figurative sheets with great accuracy. His finished copy was bound at a local branch of the famous book dealer Murakami Kanbei (Kyōto). Ōe was undoubtedly proud of the work to which he impressively dedicated much time and effort that he would not easily have forgotten.
• Format (IMT): application/pdf
• Access Restrictions: インターネット公開
• Related Material: 史料と人物 V || 中津市歴史民俗資料館 分館医家史料館叢書 12 || pp 85-109; Source Materials and Personalities V || Nakatsu Municipal Museum for History and Folklore, Medical Archive Series, No. 12 || pp 85-109
• Periodical Title: 中津市歴史民俗資料館 分館医家史料館叢書 ; 12
• Content Temporal Coverage: 19th century; Meiji era; 近代; 明治期; Modern period; 19世紀
• Data Provider (Database): 国立情報学研究所 : 学術機関リポジトリデータベース（IRDB）（機関リポジトリ）; https://irdb.nii.ac.jp
• Original Data Provider (Database): 九州大学 : 九州大学学術情報リポジトリ

Table of Contents

Ikashiryokan-Sosho-12-2013-cover.pdf

michel-2013-shindanzusetsu(1).pdf

michel-2013-shindanzusetsu(2).pdf