Part one: The first popes (1. 'Upon this rock ... ': Peter to Sylvester I, c. 30/40-335 [St. Peter the fist pope -- Linus to Pius I, 66-155 -- Anicetus to Urban I, 155-230 -- Pontian to Setephen I, 230-257 -- The pope and the bishops of the Roman Catholic Church -- Sixtus II to Eusebius, 257-310 -- Miltiades and Sylvester I, 311-335] -- 2. Fall of the Western Empire: Mark to Pelagius II, 336-590 -- Mark to Liberius, 336-366 -- Damasus I, 366-384 -- Siricius and Anastasius, 384-401 -- Innocent I, 401-417 -- Zosimus to Sixtus III, 417-440 -- Leo I, 440-461 -- Hilarius to Silverius, 461-537 -- Rome and the acquisition of the Papal States -- Vigilius to Pelagius II, 537-590] -- 3. Enter the Franks: Gregory the Great to Hadrian I, 590-795 [Gregory I 'The Great', 590-604 -- Sabinian to Boniface V, 604-625 -- Honorius I to Martin I, 625-653 -- Eugene I to Agatho, 645-681 -- Leo II to Constantine, 682-725 -- Gregory II to Zacharias, 715-752 -- Stephen II to Stephen III, 752-772 -- Hadrian I, 772-795] -- 4. Conflict in the church: Leo III to Leo IX, 795-1054 [Leo III, 795-816 -- Stephen IV to Sergius II, 816-847-- Leo IV to Leo V, 847-903 -- Sergius III to Gregory V, 904-999 -- Sylvester II, 999-1003 -- John XVII to Damasus II, 1003-1048 -- The great schism of the two churches -- Leo IX, 1049-1054]) -- Part two: Crusades and the Reformation (5. Birth of the Crusades: Victor II to Clement III, 1055-1191 [Victor II to Alexander II, 1055-1073 -- Gregory VII, 1073-1085 -- Victor III, and Urban II, 1086-1099 -- Paschal II and Gelasius II, 1099-1119 -- Callistus II, 1119-1124 -- Honorius II, 1124-1130 -- Innocent II to Lucius II, 1130-1145 -- Eugenius III, 1145-1153 -- Hadrian IV<154-1159 -- Alexander III to Clement III, 1159-1191] -- 6. Birth of the mendicant Orders: Celestine II to Benedict XI, 1191-1304 [Celestine III, 1191-1198 -- Innocent III, 1198-1216 -- Crusades against enemies of the papacy -- Honorius III, 1216-1227 -- Gregory IX, 1227-1241 -- Celestine IV to Clement IV, 1241-1268 -- Gregory X, 1271-1276 -- Innovent V to Benedict XI, 1276-1304] -- 7. Avignon exile and papal schism: Clement V to Eugene IV, 1305-1447 [Clement V, 1305-1314 -- John XXII, 1316-1334 -- Exile of the papacy to Avignon in the south of France -- Benedict XII to Urban V, 1334-1370 -- Urban VI to Martin V, 1378-1431 -- Eugenius IV, 1431-1447] -- 8. Renaissance and Reformation: Nicholas V to Clement VII, 1447-1534 [Nicholas V and Callistus III, 1447-1458 -- Pius II, 1458-1464 -- Paul II, 1464-1471 -- Sixtus IV, 1471-1484 -- Innocent VIII, 1484-1492 -- Alexander VI and Pius III, 1492-1503 -- Julius II, 1503-1513 -- Leo X and Hadrian VI, 1513-1523 -- The papacy and the Protestant Reformation -- Clement VII, 1523-1534]) -- Part three: Into the modern era (9. The Counter-Reformation: Paul III to Innocent X, 1534-1655 [Paul III, 1534-1549 -- Julius III, 1550-1555 -- Marcellus II to Pius V, 1555-1572 -- Papacy and the Counter-Reformation -- Gregory XIII, 1572-1585 -- Sixtus V, 1585-1590 -- Urban VII to Gregory XV, 1590-1623 -- Urban VIII, 1623-1644 -- Innocent X: 1644-1655] -- 10. Papal power and influence: Alexander VIII to Clement XIII, 1655-1769 [Alexander VIII, 1655-1667 -- The papacy and Baroque art and architecture -- Clement IX to Innocent XII, 1667-1700 -- Clement XI, 1700-1721 -- Innocent XIII to Clement XII, 1721-1740 -- Benedict XIV, 1740-1758 -- Clement XIII, 1758-1769] -- 11. Popes in an age of revolution: Clement XIV to Leo XIII [Clement XIV and Pius VI, 1769-1799 -- Pius VII, 1800-1823 -- Leo XII, 1823-1829 -- Papal missions to spread the gospel around the world -- Pius VIII and Gregory XVI, 1829-1846 -- Pius IX, 1846-1878 -- Leo XIII, 1878-1903] -- 12. Peace for a troubled world: Pius X to Francis, 1903 to today [Pius X, 1903-1914 -- Benedict XV, 1914-1922 -- Pius XI, 1922-1939 -- Pius XII, 1939-1958 -- John XXIII and Paul VI, 1958-1978 -- The Second Vatican Council to revitalize the church -- John Paul I, 1978 -- John Paul II, 1978-2005 -- Benedict XVI, 2005-2013 -- Francis, 2013-]).