博士論文
THE POTENTIAL RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS
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国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション
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DOI[10.24561/00019369]to the data of the same series
THE POTENTIAL RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS
- Persistent ID (NDL)
- info:ndljp/pid/11865176
- Material type
- 博士論文
- Author
- SARKAR, JAYANTO KUMAR
- Publisher
- -
- Publication date
- 2020
- Material Format
- Digital
- Capacity, size, etc.
- -
- Name of awarding university/degree
- 埼玉大学,博士(学術)
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- type:textCoconut shell, coconut husk and jute stick are considering as an ordinary biomass waste. From the ancient age to now these wastages are being...
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Digital
- Material Type
- 博士論文
- Author/Editor
- SARKAR, JAYANTO KUMAR
- Author Heading
- Publication Date
- 2020
- Publication Date (W3CDTF)
- 2020
- Alternative Title
- 再生可能なエネルギー源としての廃棄バイオマス利用技術の開発
- Periodical title
- 博士論文（埼玉大学大学院理工学研究科（博士後期課程））
- Degree grantor/type
- 埼玉大学
- Date Granted
- 2020-09-23
- Date Granted (W3CDTF)
- 2020-09-23
- Dissertation Number
- 甲第1191号
- Degree Type
- 博士(学術)
- Conferring No. (Dissertation)
- 甲第1191号
- Text Language Code
- eng
- Subject Heading
- Target Audience
- 一般
- Note (General)
- type:textCoconut shell, coconut husk and jute stick are considering as an ordinary biomass waste. From the ancient age to now these wastages are being used solely for cooking purpose in rural areas. However, despite its enormous potentiality as an energy sources, these are hardly been studied and its thermal characteristics are still unknown. Moreover, these biomasses can be utilized for production of bioenergy by employing pyrolysis and gasification technology. Biomass as a form of energy source may be utilized in two distinct ways. First, directly by burning the biomass and secondly, by converting it into solid, liquid or gaseous fuels. Pyrolysis and gasification are the most efficient method for the conversion of chemical energy stored in biomass into heat and/or other useful forms of energy. Nevertheless, pyrolysis and gasification of biomass is a complex chemical process with some operational and environmental challenges. Thus, the objective of present work is to focus on dominant parameters that influences the process, such as temperature, heating rate and AAEM (alkali and alkaline earth metal) catalytic effect on the yield and quality of pyrolysis product. This study also clarified the effect of AAEM catalyst on the pyrolysis and gasification behaviors and characterization of waste biomasses.In the first phase of experiment, we examine the impact of pyrolysis temperature on the outcome yields of waste coconut shells in a fixed bed reactor under varying conditions of pyrolysis temperature (i.e. 400°C to 800°C). The resulting bio-chars were characterized by elemental analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The output of bio-char was diminished pointedly, from 33.6% to 28.6%, when the pyrolysis temperature ranged from 400 to 600°C, respectively. In addition, the bio-chars were carbonized with the expansion of the pyrolysis temperature. Experimental results showed that the highest bio-oil yield was acquired at 600°C , at about 48.7%.In the second phase of experiment, the influence of the different heating rates on pyrolysis behaviors, and kinetics of jute stick were investigated to justify the jute stick as a potential source of bioenergy. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out at different heating rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40°C/min upon varying condition temperature extending from room temperature to 900°C by utilizing the thermogravimetric analyzer (TG-DTA) and a fixed bed pyrolysis reactor. Two different kinetic methods i.e., Kissinger- Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), were employed, to determine the distinct kinetic parameters. The experimental results showed that, the heating rate influenced significantly on the position of TG curve, and maximum Tm peaks and highest decomposition rate of the jute stick biomass. Moreover, the heating rates also influenced the products of pyrolysis yield, including bio-char, bio-oil, and the non-condensable gas. The average values of activation energy were found to be 139.21 and 135.99 kJ/mol based on FWO and KAS models, respectively.In the third phase of experiment, The effect of AAEM catalyst (K₂CO₃, Ca(OH)₂ and MgO) on the pyrolysis and gasification of coconut shell and husk were investigated. The experiments were performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TG-DTA) and a fixed-bed reactor. The thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the weight loss occurred mainly in the temperature ranges from 200°C to 400°C for coconut shell and husk biomass samples with or without the addition of AAEM catalyst. All catalysts gave higher percentage of gas products and reduce bio-oil and heavy tar when compared with the non-catalytic pyrolysis gas product yield. In addition, the CO₂ gasification reactivity of coconut shell and husk char was improved through the addition of AAEM catalysts, in the order K₂CO₃>Ca(OH)₂>MgO.The results and information from this study will be helpful for the management of waste biomass as an effective energy conversion process by using pyrolysis and gasification.Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................... iAbstract ........................................................................................................... iiNomenclature ....................................................................................................... ivTable of Contents .................................................................................................. viChapter 1. General introduction and literature review ............................................................... 11.1. General characteristics of biomass ............................................................................. 21.2. Structure, composition, and properties of biomass .............................................................. 21.2.1. Cellulose .................................................................................................... 31.2.2. Hemicellulose ................................................................................................ 41.2.3. Lignin ....................................................................................................... 51.3. Biomass as a source of energy .................................................................................. 61.4. Environmental impact ........................................................................................... 71.5. Thermochemical conversion of biomass ........................................................................... 81.5.1. Combustion ................................................................................................... 91.5.2. Gasification ................................................................................................. 91.5.3. Pyrolysis ................................................................................................... 101.5.3.1. Classification of pyrolysis methods ....................................................................... 111.5.3.2. Operating parameters for pyrolysis ........................................................................ 121.5.3.2.1. Temperature: ............................................................................................ 121.5.3.2.2. Heating rate ............................................................................................ 131.5.3.2.3. Reaction time ........................................................................................... 131.5.3.2.4. Biomass feedstock ....................................................................................... 131.5.3.2.5. Alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) ................................................................. 141.6. Agricultural residues for this study .......................................................................... 141.6.1. Coconut shell ............................................................................................... 141.6.2. Coconut husk ................................................................................................ 151.6.3. Jute stick .................................................................................................. 161.7. Hypothesis and objective ...................................................................................... 17Chapter 2. Influence of temperature on pyrolysis in fixed bed reactor using waste coconut shell .................... 18Abstract ........................................................................................................... 192.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 192.2. Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 212.2.1. Sample preparation .......................................................................................... 212.2.2. Characterization of raw material ............................................................................ 222.2.2.1. Elemental analysis ........................................................................................ 222.2.2.2. Proximate analysis ........................................................................................ 232.2.2.3. Determination of chemical constituents .................................................................... 242.2.2.4. SME analysis .............................................................................................. 292.2.3. Experimental apparatus for fixed bed pyrolysis .............................................................. 302.2.4. Experimental procedure ...................................................................................... 312.2.5. Measurement of waste coconut shell pyrolysis product ........................................................ 322.2.6. Statistical analysis ........................................................................................ 322.3. Results and discussion ........................................................................................ 332.3.1. Characterization of raw biomass ............................................................................. 332.3.2. Product yields under operating variables .................................................................... 342.3.3. Characterization of waste coconut shell bio-chars ........................................................... 362.3.3.1. Elemental Analysis of bio-char ............................................................................ 362.3.3.2. Morphological observation of bio-char by scanning electron microscope ..................................... 372.3.3.3. Higher heating value (HHV) of bio-char..................................................................... 382.3.4. Characterization of bio-oil using FTIR ...................................................................... 402.3.5. Gas product characteristics using gas chromatography ........................................................ 412.3.6. Future application of waste coconut shell pyrolysis product ................................................. 432.4. Brief summary ................................................................................................. 43Chapter 3. Characterization of pyrolysis products and kinetic analysis of waste jute stick biomass ................. 45Abstract ........................................................................................................... 463.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 463.2. Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 483.2.1. Materials.................................................................................................... 483.2.2. Thermogravimetric analysis of jute stick .................................................................... 493.2.3. Pyrolysis procedure ......................................................................................... 513.2.4. Kinetic study ............................................................................................... 523.2.5. Model-free methods........................................................................................... 533.2.5.1. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method ............................................................................. 533.2.5.2. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method ..................................................................... 533.3. Results and discussion ........................................................................................ 543.3.1. Proximate and ultimate analysis of jute stick ............................................................... 543.3.2. Thermogravimetric analysis of jute stick .................................................................... 553.3.3. The yield of pyrolysis products ............................................................................. 583.3.3.1. Influence of heating rate on bio-oil properties ........................................................... 593.3.3.2. Effect of heating rate on non-condensable gas ............................................................. 603.3.3.3. Influence of heating rate on bio-char ..................................................................... 613.3.4. Kinetic study of jute stick ................................................................................. 623.4. Brief summary ................................................................................................. 65Chapter 4. Effect of the AAEM catalysts for coconut shell and husk pyrolysis and gasification ...................... 67Abstract ........................................................................................................... 684.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 684.2. Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 694.2.1. Sample preparation .......................................................................................... 694.2.1. Loading of catalysts ........................................................................................ 694.2.2. Thermogravimetric analysis procedure ........................................................................ 704..2.2. Pyrolysis procedure ........................................................................................ 714.2.3. Char reactivity measurement ................................................................................. 724.3. Results and discussion ........................................................................................ 724.3.1. Effects of AAEM catalyst on conversion of coconut shell and husk thermogravimetric analysis ................. 724.3.2. Effects of AAEM catalyst on weight loss rates of coconut shell and husk thermogravimetric analysis .......... 734.3.4. Effects of AAEM catalyst on pyrolysis products yield ........................................................ 744.3.5. Effect of AAEM catalyst on non-condensable gas composition .................................................. 764.3.6. Effects of AAEM catalyst on char CO₂ gasification ........................................................... 774.4. Brief summary ................................................................................................. 79Chapter 5. Conclusion .............................................................................................. 80References ......................................................................................................... 85Appendix ........................................................................................................... 98指導教員 : 王青躍
- DOI
- 10.24561/00019369
- Persistent ID (NDL)
- info:ndljp/pid/11865176
- Collection
- Collection (Materials For Handicapped People:1)
- Collection (particular)
- 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション > デジタル化資料 > 博士論文
- Acquisition Basis
- 博士論文（自動収集）
- Date Accepted (W3CDTF)
- 2021-11-08T14:10:24+09:00
- Date Created (W3CDTF)
- 2021-09-16
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- application/pdf
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- 国立国会図書館内限定公開
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- Periodical Title (URI)
- Data Provider (Database)
- 国立国会図書館 : 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション