Postharvest Losses of Vegetables in Nepal and Effective Mitigation Measures

• Material Type: 博士論文
• Title: Postharvest Losses of Vegetables in Nepal and Effective Mitigation Measures
• Author/Editor: Bhandari, Tikaram
• Author Heading: Bhandari, Tikaram
• Publication Date: 2023-03-15
• Publication Date (W3CDTF): 2023-03-15
• Alternative Title: ネパールにおける野菜の収穫後損失とその有効な削減方法
• Degree grantor/type: 拓殖大学
• Date Granted: 2023-03-15
• Date Granted (W3CDTF): 2023-03-15
• Dissertation Number: 甲第194号
• Degree Type: 博士(国際開発)
• Text Language Code: eng
• NDC: 622.2587
• Target Audience: 一般
• Note (General): The postharvest loss rate in developing countries is about 20 to 50 percent of the total production. Resolving postharvest losses can help the economy and living standards of the farmers as well as aid in food sustainability. This study is based on all those factors that help find the proper solution to Nepal's postharvest loss of vegetables.Postharvest losses of vegetables are a significant challenge for all farmers, wholesalers, and retailers involved in vegetable cultivation. Keeping this in mind, this study on postharvest losses focuses on the causes of postharvest losses in Nepal and what kind of initiatives are needed to solve those problems. In this study, considering the previous research done in the concerned sectors, an attempt has been made to solve the issues not explored by the earlier researchers.The main objective of this study is how to reduce postharvest losses in Nepal. It is based on what is needed to solve the problem and why, despite Nepal being an agricultural country, the rate of postharvest losses in Nepal is higher than in other developing countries. To perceive the causes of postharvest losses in Nepal and explore where and why the high loss rate is. Also, why and how the loss rate is low in developing countries and what should be done to reduce the loss rate in Nepal as in developing countries is another objective of the study.The study was conducted in different locations in Nepal and Japan; in the context of Nepal, the survey was based on farmers, wholesalers, and retailers in the Himalayan, Hilly, and Terai districts, so the study covers all scenarios of Nepal. Also, this type of study is entirely new in the context of Nepal, and it can be called the study's originality. This study has also succeeded in identifying the leading causes of postharvest losses in Nepal and finding solutions for postharvest losses of vegetables in different segments. The survey findings are also different from the findings of other researchers, so it can also be called the originality of this study.Postharvest losses of vegetables occur at all points in the market chain area, from production to food on plates for consumption. Postharvest activities include harvesting, handling, storage, processing, packaging, transportation, and marketing. The loss of horticultural produce is a significant problem in the postharvest chain. It can be caused by various factors, ranging from growing conditions to handling at the retail level. The losses are not only a waste of food but also a waste of human effort, agricultural inputs, livelihoods, investments, and scarce resources such as water. This study aims to find out the actual causes of postharvest losses and provide appropriate solutions for them.This thesis consists of six chapters, each having its respective contents.In 1st chapter, "Introduction," all the study background and material from other branches have been described.Chapter 2nd contains the "postharvest practice and losses of the vegetables." This chapter considered the causes of postharvest losses of vegetables from production to consumer level and the harvesting technology of Nepalese farmers. Apart from this, government policies and agricultural implementations are also included. The study was conducted in Nepal (Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur ,Syangja, Plapa, Gorkha, Rupandehi and Kapilbastu district).The 3rd chapter is "Postharvest practice and food losses in Japan." The study covers the current state of food loss in Japan and its potential for mitigation and postharvest practices, and their role in food losses are carried out in this chapter. This chapter covers the stages of agricultural development in Japan, the stages of development of agricultural technology, government subsidies in the farming sector, modern agricultural technology, vegetable distribution medium and modern agricultural materials used in it, etc. The study was conducted with secondary and primary data collection methods. Preliminary data were collected from farmers, suppliers (wholesalers), and retailers by questionnaire. Secondary data were collected from published and unpublished books and other Internet sources. Three central regions of Japan, Saitama, Kanagawa, and Tokyo, have been selected for the survey.The 4th chapter is about the "postharvest losses of tomatoes in Nepal." The reason for choosing Tomato among the different vegetables for the study, many farmers in Nepal cultivate only tomatoes throughout the year. And Tomato is known as a highly perishable vegetable, so that it can be represented all kinds of vegetables on postharvest losses. The study was carried out in the different municipalities of the Kavrepalanchowk district. Kavrepalanchok district is 21 kilometers east of the country's capital.The 5th chapter is "Climate change and its effects on postharvest losses." The study is conducted with only a secondary data collection method. This chapter focuses on how climate change affects agriculture and what can be done to sustain vegetable farming in the face of climate change.Agricultural production is highly climate-dependent since crop growth is influenced by solar radiation, temperature, and rainfall also sensitive to climate variability and weather extremes (droughts, floods, and severe storms). Climate change will affect the productivity of crops and harm their quality, so climate change cannot ignore during the analysis of the postharvest losses.The 6th chapter is "Conclusion and summary," This chapter focuses on the research's concrete results and the entire study's findings.This study found that there are postharvest losses in all supply chain channels at the farmers, wholesalers, and retailers, but the higher rate is at the level of farmers. This result differs from the findings of other researchers related to postharvest losses in Nepal so far. And the reason behind this is a lack of education about harvesting time, harvesting equipment, disease and insects, improper packaging, sorting, handling, storage facilities, lack of market access, etc. The study has also revealed that the farmers' activities also significantly impact the postharvest losses on other parties, wholesalers, and retailers. For example, farmers do not pay much attention to vegetable selection, packaging, and other postharvest processes, which increases the possibility of more losses on the wholesaler's and retailer's sides.Although most Nepali is engaged in agriculture, the import of agricultural products in Nepal is increasing yearly. As a result, Nepalese farmers cannot meet the Nepalese market's demands. The general economic situation in Nepal can be significantly improved by improving Nepal's agricultural sector. Therefore, this study will play a significant role in reducing postharvest losses of vegetables in Nepal.This study begins by discovering the causes of postharvest losses and finding the appropriate solution. Regarding the positive effects of technology on agriculture, we believe that farming methods in Nepal are the same as those in Japan 80 years ago and that Nepal can develop agriculture in the same way Japan experienced. Nepal could emulate modern Japanese tools and techniques. Also, this study can contribute to the agricultural development of Nepal by adding various analytical tools learned in Japan to advanced farm technology and agricultural knowledge.; 2022
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• Date Accepted (W3CDTF): 2023-05-05T22:12:33+09:00
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