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Computational modelling for molecular dynamics of TLR2 that regulates sperm-uterine immune crosstalk in cattle
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- MANSOURI, Alireza
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- 垯åºçç£å€§åŠ
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- 2023-09-29
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- 垯åºçç£å€§åŠ,Doctor of Agriculture,å士ïŒèŸ²åŠïŒ
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- application/pdfIn cattle, after artificial insemination (AI) or natural mating, a large number of sperm swim up into the female reproductive tract (FR...
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- MANSOURI, Alireza
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- 2023-09-29
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- ãŠã·ã®ç²Ÿå-åå®®å ç«ã¯ãã¹ããŒã¯ã調ç¯ããTLR2ã®åååååŠã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã¢ããªã³ã°
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- 2023-09-29
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- Doctor of Agricultureå士ïŒèŸ²åŠïŒ
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- application/pdfIn cattle, after artificial insemination (AI) or natural mating, a large number of sperm swim up into the female reproductive tract (FRT) toward the site of fertilization. During this journey, sperm interact with different compartments of the immune system of FRT. Bovine uterus has a well-regulated immune response to remove bacterial contamination after parturition, and it tolerates the allogenic sperm and accepts semi-allogenic embryos. Sperm generate transient proinflammatory response in the uterus which is required for the removal of dead/excess sperm with associated contaminants. TLR2 plays a central role in sperm-induced inflammation in the bovine uterus. In general, in immune cells, a dimerization of TLR2 with either TLR1 or TLR6 is required to activate intracellular signaling pathways, thereby inducing the innate immune response, but nothing is known about TLR2 dimerization in the bovine endometrial epithelium in response to sperm attachment. On the other hand, CD44 is a major cell surface receptor for hyaluronan (HA) involved in sperm attachment to the endometrial epithelium. In this study, using multiple approaches based on the computational modelling methods together with the in vitro experimental models, I was able to identify the major part of the molecular mechanism of sperm interaction with the bovine uterine immune system in cattle.In chapter I, in order to test different TLR2 dimerization pathways in endometrium in an in-vitro model, 100 ng/mL TLR2 agonists (PAM3 as the TLR2/1 agonist, and PAM2 as the TLR2/6 agonist) were used to stimulate bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs). Simultaneously, the expression of TLR1, 2 and 6 protein and gene in BEECs were investigated after exposure to sperm (5 million/mL). Further, sperm induced-inflammation was compared to PAM3 and PAM2 using the uterine explant ex-vivo model. The obtained data indicated that an activation of TLR2/1 signaling pathway in BEECs is involved in a weaker inflammation compared to TLR2/6. Moreover, similar to PAM3, sperm was able to induce TLR2 expression alongside with TLR1 in the uterus (gene and protein), particularly in uterine glands, but not TLR6. In the same way, PAM3 and sperm could induce similar and low gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFA, IL1B and IL8) and TNFA protein to a lesser extent than PAM2 in the bovine endometrium. Thus, it is highly possible that sperm trigger endometrial epithelia to induce a weak inflammatory response through activating TLR2/TLR1 signaling cascade, which is needed to prepare an ideal environment for embryo reception. Afterwards, in-silico approaches were employed to investigate and confirm TLR2 dimerization in bovine species (TLR2/1 or TLR2/6). Homology modeling methods were used to determine the 3D protein structure of bovine TLRs. The in-silico findings suggested that the stability of TLR2 dimerization is heavily depending on the presence of the bridging agonist in bovine, which is similar to human and mouse species.In chapter II, I hypothesized that HA may act as a bridging ligand between sperm and CD44/TLR2 of BEECs. To test the above hypothesis, I first determined the binding affinity of HA to CD44 and TLR2 molecules. my in-silico model revealed that low molecular weight HA molecules have a higher affinity to CD44- than TLR2 interaction. Next, HA existence in bovine endometrium was investigated via immunostaining using a biotinylated HA-binding protein. Notably, HA is localized in the luminal and glandular endometrial epithelia. Moreover, ELISA showed detectable levels of HA (16.05 ± 2.33 ng/ml) in BEECs-conditioned medium. As a result, BEECs were treated with different concentrations of low molecular weight HA (at 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 ÎŒg/mL) for 2 h prior to the co-culture with 106 sperm/mL for additional 3 h. Importantly, HA dose-dependently increased the number of sperm attached to BEECs. Besides, the quantitative real-time PCR data illustrated that supplementation of BEECs with HA (at 1 ÎŒg/mL) upregulate mRNA expressions of TLR2, pro-inflammatory- cytokines (TNFA and IL1B) and chemokines (IL8) as well as prostaglandins E synthesis (PGES) in BEECs in response to sperm. However, BEECs treatment with HA only (no sperm exposure) did not show any significant difference in transcriptional levels of the selected genes when compared to the non-treated BEECs. Collectively, the findings provide evidence that HA, primarily through CD44 interaction, has the capacity to facilitate sperm attachment to the endometrial epithelia with a subsequent TLR2-mediated immune response.Overall, my findings in chapter I revealed that sperm activate TLR2/1 heterodimerization, but not TLR2/6, to trigger a weak physiological inflammatory response in bovine endometrium. The data of chapter II suggested that sperm keep a higher affinity for attaching to the BEECs in presence of HA through interaction with CD44, consequently inducing proinflammatory response through TLR2 signaling pathway. Collectively, this weak inflammation triggered by sperm with the molecular network of TLR2/1, CD44 and hyaluronan must be the specific way to remove excess/dead sperm remaining in the bovine uterine lumen without tissue damage for providing the ideal environment for embryo implantation.ãŠã·ã§ã¯ã人工æ粟ïŒAIïŒãŸãã¯èªç¶äº€é ã®åŸãå€æ°ã®ç²Ÿåãéã®çæ®åšå®ïŒFRTïŒå ãå粟éšäœã«åãã£ãŠæ³³ãäžãã£ãŠããããã®æ ã®éã粟å㯠FRT ã®å ç«ç³»ã®ããŸããŸãªéšåãšçžäºäœçšããããŠã·ã®åå®®ã¯ãåºç£åŸã«çŽ°èæ±æãé€å»ããããã«ãã調ç¯ãããå ç«å¿çãåããŠãããåçš®ç°ç³»ç²Ÿåãäžéšã¯èš±å®¹ããååçš®ç°ç³»èãåãå ¥ããã粟åã¯ãé¢é£ããæ±æç©è³ªã䌎ãæ»ãã ããããã¯éå°ãªç²Ÿåã®é€å»ã®ããã«åå®®å ã§äžæçãªççèªçºåå¿ãåŒãèµ·ããã TLR2 ã¯ããŠã·åå®®ã«ããã粟åèªçºæ§ççã«ãããŠäžå¿çãªåœ¹å²ãæãããäžè¬ã«ãå ç«çŽ°èã§ã¯ã现èå ã·ã°ãã«äŒéçµè·¯ã掻æ§åããããã«ãã£ãŠèªç¶å ç«å¿çãèªå°ããã«ã¯ã TLR1 ãŸã㯠TLR6 ã«ãã TLR2 ã®äºéäœåãå¿ èŠã§ãããã粟åã®ä»çã«å¿çãããŠã·åå®®å èäžç®ã«ããã TLR2 ã®äºéäœåã«ã€ããŠã¯äœãããã£ãŠããªããäžæ¹ã CD44 ã¯ãåå®®å èäžç®ãžã®ç²Ÿåã®ä»çã«é¢äžãããã¢ã«ãã³é ž (HA) ã®äž»èŠãªçŽ°èè¡šé¢å容äœã§ããããã®ç 究ã§ã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã¢ããªã³ã°æ³ãš in vitro å®éšã¢ãã«ã«åºã¥ãè€æ°ã®ã¢ãããŒãã䜿çšããŠãçã®ç²ŸåãšãŠã·åå®®å ç«ç³»ã®çžäºäœçšã®ååæ©æ§ã®äž»èŠéšåãç¹å®ããããšãã§ããã第 I ç« ã§ã¯ã in vitro ã¢ãã«ã§åå®®å èã®æ§ã 㪠TLR2 äºéäœåçµè·¯ããã¹ãããããã«ã 100 ng/mL ã® TLR2 ã¢ãŽãã¹ã ïŒTLR2/1 ã¢ãŽãã¹ããšããŠã® PAM3 ãããã³ TLR2/6 ã¢ãŽãã¹ããšããŠã® PAM2) ã䜿çšããŠãŠã·åå®®å èäžç®çŽ°è (BEECïŒãåºæ¿ããã åæã«ã粟å (500äž/mL) ãžã®æé²åŸã® BEEC ã«ããã TLR1 ã 2 ãããã³ 6 ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããã³éºäŒåã®çºçŸã調æ»ãããããã«ãåå®®å€æ€çã® ex vivo ã¢ãã« ã䜿çšããŠã粟åã«ããèªçºæ§ççã PAM3 ããã³ PAM ã«ãããã®ãšæ¯èŒãããåŸãããããŒã¿ã¯ã BEEC ã«ããã TLR2/1 ã·ã°ãã«äŒéçµè·¯ã®æŽ»æ§åãã TLR2/6 ãšæ¯èŒããŠåŒ±ãççã«é¢äžããŠããããšã瀺ãããããã«ã PAM3 ãšåæ§ã«ã粟åã¯åå®®éºäŒåããã³ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãç¹ã«åå®®è ºã§ TLR1 ãšãšãã« TLR2 çºçŸãèªå°ãããã TLR6 ã¯èªå°ããªãã£ããå ããŠã PAM3 ãšç²Ÿåã¯ãŠã·åå®®å èã«ãããŠãççèªçºæ§ãµã€ãã«ã€ã³ (TNFA ãIL1B ãããã³ IL8) ããã³ TNFA ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãšéºäŒåçºçŸãã PAM2 ãããäœãçšåºŠã§åæ§ã«èªå°ããŠããããããã£ãŠã粟åãåå®®å èäžç®ã åºæ¿ããèã®å容ã«çæ³çãªç°å¢ãæºåããããã«å¿ èŠãª TLR2/TLR1 ã·ã°ãã«äŒéã«ã¹ã±ãŒãã®æŽ»æ§åãéããŠåŒ±ãççåå¿ãèªçºããå¯èœæ§ãéåžžã«é«ãã ãããã®å®éšç³»ã«åŒãç¶ãã in silico ã¢ãããŒãã䜿çšããŠãŠã·ã«ããã TLR2 äºéäœå (TLR2/1 ãŸã㯠TLR2/6) ã調ã¹ããçžåæ§ã¢ããªã³ã°æ³ã䜿çšããŠããŠã· TLR ã® 3D ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªæ§é ã決å®ããã In silico æ³ã§ã®çºèŠã¯ã TLR äºéäœåã®å®å®æ§ãããããããŠã¹çš®ãšåæ§ã«ãŠã·ã«ãããæ¶æ©ã¢ãŽãã¹ãã®ååšã«å€§ããäŸåããŠããããšã瀺åããã第 II ç« ã§ã¯ã HA ã粟åãš BEEC ã® CD44/TLR2 ã®éã®æ¶æ©ãªã¬ã³ããšããŠæ©èœããå¯èœæ§ããããšãã仮説ãç«ãŠãããã®ä»®èª¬ãæ€èšŒããããã«ãç§ã¯ãŸãã CD44 ããã³ TLR2 ååã«å¯Ÿãã HA ã®çµå芪åæ§ã決å®ãããç§ã® in silico ã¢ãã«ã§ã¯ãäœååé HA ååã TLR2 ãšã®çžäºäœçšããã ãããã CD44 ãšã®çžäºäœçšã«å¯ŸããŠé«ã芪åæ§ãæã£ãŠããããšãæããã«ãªã£ãã次ã«ãããªãã³å HA çµåã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãçšããå ç«æè²ã«ããããŠã·åå®®å èã«ããã HA ã®ååšã調ã¹ãã 泚ç®ãã¹ãããšã«ãHA ã¯ç®¡è ããã³è ºã®åå®®å èäžç®ã«å±åšããŠãã ãããã« ELISA ã«ãã£ãŠã BEEC å¹é€äžæž äžã«æ€åºå¯èœãªã¬ãã«ã® HA (16.05 ± 2.33 ng/ml) ãæ€åºã§ãããããã«ã BEEC ãæ§ã ãªæ¿åºŠã®äœååé HA (0 ã 0.1 ã 1 ããŸã㯠10 ÎŒg/mL) 㧠2 æéåŠçããåŸã 10 6 粟å /mL ãšããã« 3 æéå ±å¹é€ããã éèŠãªããšã«ã HA 㯠BEEC ã«ä»çãã粟åã®æ°ãçšéäŸåçã«å¢å ããããããã«ãå®éçãªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã PCR ããŒã¿ããã BEEC ã« HA (1 µg/mL) ãæ·»å ãããšã TLR2 ãççèªçºæ§ãµã€ãã«ã€ã³ (TNFA ããã³ IL1B) ãã±ã¢ã«ã€ã³ (IL8) ã® mRNA çºçŸãããã³ããã¹ã¿ã°ã©ã³ãžã³ E åæé µçŽ ãå¢å ããããšãããã£ãããããã HA æ·»å ã ãã§ã¯ BEEC ( 粟åæé²ãªã ) ã®çŠç¹ãšããéºäŒåã®è»¢åã¬ãã«ã«ææãªå·®ã¯ç€ºãããªãã£ãããŸãšãããšããããã®çºèŠã¯ã HA ã䞻㫠CD44 ãšã®çžäºäœçšãéããŠããã®åŸã® TLR2 åªä»ã«ããå ç«å¿çã䌎ãåå®®å èäžç®ãžã®ç²Ÿåã®ä»çãä¿é²ããèœåããããšãã蚌æ ãæäŸãããå šäœãšããŠã第 1 ç« ã§ã®ç§ã®çºèŠã¯ã粟åã TLR2/1 ãããäºéäœåã掻æ§åãããã TLR2/6 ã¯æŽ»æ§åããããã®çµè·¯ããŠã·åå®®å èã«ããã匱ãçççççåå¿ãåŒãèµ·ããããšãæããã«ããã 第 ïŒ ç« ã®ããŒã¿ã¯ã粟åã HA ã®ååšäžã§ CD44 ãšã®çžäºäœçšãéã㊠BEEC ãžã®çµåã«å¯ŸããŠããé«ã芪åæ§ãç¶æãããã®çµæã TLR2 ã·ã°ãã«äŒéçµè·¯ãéããŠççèªçºæ§åå¿ãèªå°ããããšã瀺åããã以äžããŸãšãããšã TLR2/1 ã CD44 ãããã³ãã¢ã«ãã³é žã®ååãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«æ¯ãããã粟åã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ãããã匱ãççã¯ãèã®çåºã«çæ³çãªç°å¢ãæäŸããããã«ããŠã·ã®åå®®å è ã«æ®ã£ãŠããéå°ãŸãã¯æ»æ» ãã粟åãçµç¹æå·ãªãã«é€å»ããããã®ç¹å¥ãªã·ã¹ãã ã§ãããšèãããããå士åŠäœè«æ倧åŠé¢çç£åŠç ç©¶ç§ çç£ç§åŠå°æ»Doctoral Program of Animal Science and Agriculture
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